The Cognitive-Emotional Brain: From Interactions to Integration (English Edition) [Format Kindle] Author: Luiz Pessoa | Language: English | ISBN:
B00G4J1PD2 | Format: PDF, EPUB
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Présentation de l'éditeur
The idea that a specific brain circuit constitutes the emotional brain (and its corollary, that cognition resides elsewhere) shaped thinking about emotion and the brain for many years. Recent behavioral, neuropsychological, neuroanatomy, and neuroimaging research, however, suggests that emotion interacts with cognition in the brain. In this book, Luiz Pessoa moves beyond the debate over functional specialization, describing the many ways that emotion and cognition interact and are integrated in the brain. The amygdala is often viewed as the quintessential emotional region of the brain, but Pessoa reviews findings revealing that many of its functions contribute to attention and decision making, critical components of cognitive functions. He counters the idea of a subcortical pathway to the amygdala for affective visual stimuli with an alternate framework, the <I>multiple waves model</I>. Citing research on reward and motivation, Pessoa also proposes the <I>dual competition model</I>, which explains emotional and motivational processing in terms of their influence on competition processes at both perceptual and executive function levels. He considers the broader issue of structure-function mappings, and examines anatomical features of several regions often associated with emotional processing, highlighting their connectivity properties. As new theoretical frameworks of distributed processing evolve, Pessoa concludes, a truly dynamic network view of the brain will emerge, in which "emotion" and "cognition" may be used as labels in the context of certain behaviors, but will not map cleanly into compartmentalized pieces of the brain.
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Luiz is clearly an exceedingly hard-working and thorough scholar. This book is nothing short of an excellent compilation of much fine research within cognitive neuroscience. Luiz has summarized much relevant work on the amygdala, it's networks, and their cognitive relationship with the surrounding structures from much of the neuroscience literature. I was aware of this title when it first was announced months back, but already knew that there would be problems from the title alone. In the time since it's publication and to the present, when I was fortunate enough to hear Luiz lecture on some thrilling work from his lab, Cognitive and Emotion continued to remain somewhat on separate sides of the fence. During that lecture, Luiz argued at how a threatening event was undermining cognition and presented some data on the functional connectivity undergoing modification. It was as if we had bought the Star Trek metaphor about Spok. But this is not a limitation limited to Luiz, but of the field and the need to rethink many fundamental concepts embedded in the language we use to depict human experience as from an outsider view. Although historically, we had not been privy to the relationship between the brain and our experience, this is no longer true.
The problem is that we think of the brain as having an emotional side and a cognitive side, when, from the perspective of the CNS' functioning, they are parts of an integral process: the objects & their valuation driving subsequent stages of response and preparation setting the stage for subsequent anticipated event-response couplings in the context of our current resource state. There is a glutaminergic backbone with cortical columns that have resonant frequencies, which are subsequently 'resonating in synchrony' through the combination of glutaminergic input modulated by the limbic control of the neuromodulatory neurotransmitter traffic. The brain's calculations are not simply numeric equations, but whether there is a life threatening event about to occur or a life saving opportunity. Unlike your calculator, the brain 'cares' and is invested in obtaining a certain result. Whether you have two days to complete some boring calculus problems for an assignment that is 2% of your grade, or whether you have 10 minutes to perform some challenging calculus problems for which getting the wrong answer will mean loosing not going to your father's alma mater, and being the family disappointment, which might mean a great deal to you. Urgency and avoiding potential catastrophic outcomes are essential aspects of the calculations the brain must deal with. When the brain performs calculation with outcomes that matter to the individual's survival and well-being, it must find the right balance of resources to expend on the problem, including to what extent to rev up the heart and lungs, open sweat glands, empty the bladder, or divert blood flow from the gut. Somatic systems feedback through the insula signals which intensify and are essential to our calculations, letting us know that we are ready to address the threat. We say it's emotional, but what that means is simply that we are not talking about some dry analytical problem of little biological implication. The greater the biological impact, the higher the system will rev to take on the challenge while also engaging the body, both to support appropriate action as well as to provide feedback of the readiness for action that primes further processing. Emotions are simply the somatic contribution to the calculation; reflecting the assigned valuation given, through the connection strengths between the amygdala and the neuromodulatory synthesis centers, perspective data from the hippocampus, resource state data from the hypothalamus, and PFC centers from further executive processing.
Again, in the talk, the functional connectivity exemplified, to my way of thinking, how the brain does what is most efficient for survival and adaptation. In situations of urgency, to avoid a damaging or fatal outcome, the brain may shift it's strategy from high precision in pattern matching to accepting lower precision, matching fewer details, but grosser detail leading to a reasonable and timely response. There are situations where any reasonable response improves our odds of survival over not responding in a timely manner. We give up precision, manifested in rich local network activity, for strengthening the key ensemble connections that bridge course, highly salient features with the output representation. This strategy has advantages for survival and adaptation. It is not undermined cognition, Luiz, but optimized cognition as cognition serves survival and not a vain exhibit of our technical prowess at math.
Anyone interested in furthering their knowledge of cognitive neuroscience should read this volume. We expect Luiz's career to continue to be a fruitful one as he continues to make important contributions to the field.
Par Kenneth J. Garcia
- Publié sur Amazon.com
Luiz Pessoa’s proposal that researchers adopt a network perspective emphasizing “interactions among multiple brain regions” and that “emotion and cognition are functionally integrated systems” ...that... “more or less continuously impact each other’s operations” represents the future of the discipline.
Par Gerald Cupchik
- Publié sur Amazon.com
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